![]() Production or water-injection data for fuel minerals, including coal, petroleum, and natural gas, were obtained from the US DoE Energy Information Administration and various State agencies. Production data for nonfuel minerals, including metals and nonmetallic minerals, were provided by the USGS Minerals Information Team for 2015. Many of the 2015 withdrawals for mining were estimated according to methods described by Lovelace (2009), using mineral production data and water-use coefficients, in gallons per weight or volume of minerals produced. Sources of data used to estimate water use for mining included surveys of mining operations and State and Federal agencies that collect water withdrawal, discharge, or mineral production data for mining operations. Steam-driven Cornish pumps were effective for a while but the expense of the electricity and drop in value of silver forced mine owners to find cheaper power alternatives. In some cases the air temperature would be 150F with the water reaching 170F. Pine lumber was logged in the La Sal Mountains of Utah, and cut into large planks. Another three miles of canal carried the water from the San Miguel River to the wooden flume. Production or water-injection data for fuel minerals, including coal, petroleum, and natural gas, were obtained from the US DoE Energy Information Administration and various State agencies. The deeper into the earth the mines went, the hotter they became. The Montrose Placer Mining Company constructed seven miles of flume in 18. Many of the 2015 withdrawals for mining were estimated according to methods described by Lovelace (2009), using mineral production data and water-use coefficients, in gallons per weight or volume of minerals produced. and tribal officials argue that the mining-related presence of chemical pollution violates the 1909 International Boundary Waters Treaty. ![]() Freshwater withdrawals in 2015 were 4 percent less than in 2010, and saline-water withdrawals were 5 percent more than in 2010. Groundwater withdrawals were 1 percent more, and surface-water withdrawals were about the same. Total mining withdrawals in 2015 were 1 percent more than in 2010.
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